Ans. Features of classical approach to management:
(i) It is closely related with the industrial revolution and its fruits,
i.e. the growth of large scale undertakings which demand the new form of
organisation and management practices.
(ii) Traditional or classical theory of organisation and management is
based on contributions from a number of sources, including scientific
management, administrative management theory, bureaucratic model,
micro-economics and public administration.
(iii) Management thought is focussed on—(a) job content, (b) structure,
(c) division of labour, (d) function of management, (e) standardisation,
simplification and specialisation, (f) scientific approach towards organisation
and management, and (g) primary incentives based on physiological needs of the
workers.
This approach to management is based on the following tenets:
(i) Management is a process which consists inter-related functions to be
performed for achieving the desired results.
(ii) From the experience of managers in different organisations,
principles or guidelines can be derived.
(iii) These principles are fundamental truths which can be applied in
different organisations for improving managerial efficiency.
(iv) People are motivated mainly by incentives and penalties. Therefore,
managers use and control economic rewards.
(v) Managers can be developed through formal education and training.
(vi) Theoretical research in the field of management helps to develop a
body of knowledge which is necessary for the improvement of art of
management.
Classical or Traditional approach stands on three pillars:
1. Scientific management;
2. Bureaucratic management;
Uses and limitations.
This approach offers a convenient framework for
the education and training of managers.
(i) The observation method of case study is helpful in drawing
common principles out of past experience with some relevance for
future
(ii) It focuses attention on what managers actually do.
(iv) It provides a scientific basis for management practice.
This approach, however, suffers from the following shortcomings:
(i) It offers a mechanistic framework which ignores human factor.
(ii) It is based on over-simplified assumptions. Its principles are
ambitious and contradictory.
(iii) The environmental dynamics and their effects on management are
ignored.
(iv) Little effort is made in search of a new path.
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